Bibliography

Treatment

Katz, D.E.; Richards, B.S.; Browne, R.H. and Herring, J.A. "A Comparison Between the Boston Brace and the Charleston Bending Brace in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Spine 22 (12) 15 June 1997.

Wharton, N. "Reducing the Lifetime Risk of Cancer From Spinal Radiographs Among People With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Spine 21 (13) 1 July 1996, 1540-1548.

Supplemental Treatments

Aspegren, D.D. and Cox, J.M. "Correction of Progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis Utilizing Neuromuscular Stimulation and Manipulation: A Case Report." Journal of Manipulative Physiological Therapy 10 (4) August 1987, 147-156.

Birbaumer, N.; Flor, H.; Cevey, B.; Dworkin, B. and Miller, N. "Behavioral Treatment of Scoliosis and Kyphosis." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 38 (6) 1994, 623-628.

Levy, A.R.; Goldberg, M. S.; Mayo, N. E.; Hanley, J.A. and Poitras, B. "Reducing the Lifetime Risk of Cancer From Spinal Radiographs Among People With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Spine 21 (13) 1 July 1996, 1540-1548.

Mayo, N.E.; Goldberg, M.S. and Poitras, B. "The Ste-Justine Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Cohort Study: Part III: Back Pain." Spine 19 (14) July 15 1994, 1573-1581.

Miller, E.B. "Yoga." The Spinal Connection 14 (1) Spring/Summer 1997. (National Scoliosis Foundation)

National Scoliosis Foundation "Chiropractic." The Spinal Connection 12 (1) Spring/Summer 1995.

National Scoliosis Foundation "Exercise and Adults With Scoliosis." The Spinal Connection 13 (1) Spring/Summer 1996.

National Scoliosis Foundation "Exercise for Adolescents." The Spinal Connection 12 (2) Fall/Summer 1995.

Nespor, K. "Psychosomatics of Back Pain." International Journal of Psychosomatics 36 (1-4) 1989, 72-78.

Perennou, D.; Marcelli, C.; Herisson, C. and Simon, L. "Adult Lumbar Scoliosis: Epidemiologic Aspects in a Low-Back Pain Population." Spine 19 (2) 15 January 1994, 123-128.

Ramirez, N.; Johnson, C.E. and Browne, R.H. "The Prevalence of Back Pain in Children Who Have Idiopathic Scoliosis." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 79 (3) March 1997, 364-368.

Rosenzweig, M.R.; Leiman, A.L. and Breedlove, S.M. Biological Psychology. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, 1996.

Schommer, N. "Pain." The Spinal Connection 8 (1) 1991 4,6. (National Scoliosis Foundation)

Takahashi, S.; Delecrin, J. and Passuti, N. "Changes in the Unfused Lumbar Spine in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis. A 5 to 9 Year Assessment After Cotrel- Dubousset Instrumentation." Spine 22 (5) 1 March 1997, 517-524.

Payment for Treatment/Insurance

http://epn.org/library/agmeddi.html (Medicare)

http://www.hcfa.gov/medicaid/medicaid.htm

http://www.hcfa.gov/webfaq3.htm#medicaid1 (Frequently Asked Questions)

http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals/geninfo.html

http://208.133.24.2/www_medicare_gov/whatis.html (What is Medicare)

Adult Scoliosis

Broom, M.; Price, C. and Flynn, J. "Adult Scoliosis: Current Concepts." Journal of the Florida Medical Association 77 (1) January 1990.

McIntosh, T. "Adult Scoliosis." Spine November, 1996. (National Scoliosis Foundation)

Van Dam, B. "Nonoperative Treatment of Adult Scoliosis." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 19 (2) April 1998.

Scoliosis and Pain

Altmaier, E.M.; Lehmann, T.R.; Russell, D.W.; Weinstein, J.N. and Kao, C.F. "The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions for the Rehabilitation of Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation." Pain 49 (3) June 1992, 329-335.

Anderson, R; Meeker, W.C.; Wirick, B.E.; Mootz, R.D.; Kirk, D.H. and Adams, A. "A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials of Spinal Manipulation." Journal of Manipulative Physiological Therapy 15 (3) March-April 1992, 181-194.

Brown, P. "Chiropractic: A Medical Perspective." Minnesota Medicine 77 (2) February 1994, 21-25.

Chen, G.S. and Hwang, Y.C. "Two and a Half Years of Acupuncture in Alabama." Southern Medical Journal 71 (8) August 1978, 898-903.

Coletta, R.; Maggiolo, F. and Di Tizio, S. "Etofenamate and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Treatment of Painful Spinal Syndromes." International Journal of Clinical

Pharmacology Research 8 (4) 1988, 295-298. Ernst, E. and Fialka, V. "Conservative Therapy of Backache. Part 5: TENS, Acupuncture, Biofeedback, Traction, Cryotherapy, Massage, and Ultrasound." Fortschr-Medizin 111 (270) 30 September 1993, 420-422.

Flor, H. and Birbaumer, N. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Conservative Medical Interventions in the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61 (4) August 1993, 653-658.

Fried, T.; Johnson, R. and McCracken, W. "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Its role in the Control of Chronic Pain." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 65 (5) May 1984, 228-231.

Kabat and Zinn. "An Outpatient Program in Behavioral Medicine for Chronic Pain Patients Based on the Practice of Mindfulness Meditation: Theoretical Considerations and Preliminary Results." General Hospital Psychiatry 4 (1) April 1982, 33-47.

Manniche, C.; Lundberg, E.; Christensen, I.; Bentzen L. and Hesselsoe, G. "Intensive Dynamic Back Exercises for Chronic Low Back Pain." Pain 47 (1) October 1991, 53-63.

McPartland, J.M. and Mitchell, J.A. "Caffeine and Chronic Back Pain." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 78 (1) January 1997, 61-63.

Nicholas, M.K.; Wilson, P.H. and Goyen, J. "Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Treatment and an Alternative Non-Psychological Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain." Pain 48 (3) March 1992, 339-347.

Nykoliation, J.W.; Cassidy, J.D.; Arthur, B.E.; and Wedge, J.H. "An Algorithm for the Management of Scoliosis." Journal of Manipulative Physiological Therapy 9 (1) March 1986, 1-14.

Smith, I.W.; Airey, S. and Salmond, S.W. "CE Feature. Part 2. Nontechnologic Strategies for Coping With Chronic Low Back Pain." Orthopaedic Nursing 9 (4) July/August 1990, 26-34.

Stenger, E.M. "Chronic Back Pain: View From a Psychiatrist’s Office." Clinical Journal of Pain 8 (3) September 1992, 242-246.

Tarola, G.A. "Manipulation for the Control of Back Pain and Curve Progression in Patients with Skeletally Mature Idiopathic Scoliosis: Two Cases." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapy 17 (4) May 1994, 253-257.

Vlaeyen, J.W.; Haazen, I.W.; Schuerman, J.A., Kole-Snijders, A.M. and Van-Eek, H. "Behavioural Rehabilitation of Chronic Low Back Pain: Comparison of an Operant Treatment, an Operant-Cognitive Treatment and an Operant-Respondent Treatment." British Journal of Clinical Psychology 34 (Part 1) February 1995, 95-118.

http://alt.medmarket.com/members/epi/html/23tens.html

http://www.fensende.com/users/swnymph/Midwife/tens.html

http://www.healthpages.org/AHP/LIBRARY/HLTHTOP/LOWBACK/backpain.htm#diagnosis

http://www.oif.org/tier2/pain.html

http://www.shiretens.co.uk

Scoliosis and Self Image

Buckwalter, K.C.; Wernimont, T. and Buckwalter, J.A. "Musculo-Skelatal Conditions and Sexuality, Part I.." Sexuality and Disability 5 (3) Fall 1982.

Clayson, D.; Luz-Alterman, S.; Cataletto, M.M. and Levine, D.B. "Long-term psychological sequelae of surgically versus nonsurgically treated scoliosis." Spine 12 (10) December, 1987.

Forstenzer, F.K. and Roye, Jr., D.P. Dying and Disabled Children: Dealing with Loss and Grief. New York: Haworth Press, 1988.

Fostenzer, F.K. and Roye, D.P. Genetic Disease: The Unwanted Inheritance. New York:Haworth Press, New York, NY, 1989.

Gratz, R.R. and Papalia-Finlay, D. "Psychosocial adaptation to wearing the Milwaukee brace for scoliosis: A pilot study of adolescent females and their mothers." Journal of Adolescent Health Care 5 (4) 1984, 237-242.

Kahanovitz, N. and Weiser, S. "The psychological impact of idiopathic scoliosis on the adolescent female: A preliminary multi-center study." Spine 14 (5) May 1989.

Payne, W.K.; Ogilvie, J.W.; Resnick, M.D.; Kane, R.L.; Transfeldt, E.E. and Blum, R.W. "Does scoliosis have a psychological impact and does gender make a difference?" Spine 22 (12) 15 June 1997, 1380-1384.